Konrad spindler biography of rory

Career: University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, professor,department head, ; author. Publications: The Man in the Ice, Online address: [email protected]. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. January 9, Retrieved January 09, from Encyclopedia. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list.

Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia. Arts Culture magazines Spindler, Konrad. Spindler, Konrad gale. The Beltpouch and its Contents. The Upper Garment. The Grass Cloak. Other Human Mummies. The Conservation of the Iceman.

Determination of Sex Age at Death and Height. He studied medicine, anthropology and archaeology, as well as prehistory and early history. He was head of excavation at 'Magdalenenberg' in Villingen in the Black Forest, and from to was Professor and Lecturer at the University of Erlangen-Nurnberg. Since he has occupied the Chair of prehistory and early history at Innsbruck University, and is serving as head of the department of medieval and modern archaeology.

Konrad Spindler is the author of numerous books on archaeology. This material added greatly to the plant remains, especially mosses, already washed from the clothes during the conservation process. Now, after a decade of labor-intensive research by us and other scientists on these plant remains and on samples taken from the Icemans intestines, some hard facts are revising those first, sketchily formed impressions and replacing them with a more substantiated story.

Who Was He? A mere 92 meters south of the Austrian-Italian border, the shallow, rocky hollow that sheltered the body is near the pass called Hauslabjoch between Italys Schnalstal Val Senales in Italian and the Ventertal in Austria [ see map on opposite page ]. His gear and clothing, also frozen or partially frozen in the ice, were scattered around him, some items as far as several meters away.

Radiocarbon dates from three different laboratories made both on plant remains found with the body and on samples of tzis tissues and gear all confirm that he lived about 5, years ago. Certain other features of tzi were relatively easy to discover as well. At centimeters 5' 2. Bone studies show he was 46 years old, an advanced age for people of his time.

Konrad spindler biography of rory

DNA analysis indicates his origin in central-northern Europe, which may seem obvious, but it differentiates him from Mediterranean people, whose lands lie not too far distant to the south. In an unusual congenital anomaly, his 12th ribs are missing. His fifth to ninth left ribs had been broken and had healed in his lifetime. Numerous bone fractures and thoracic deformity are attributed by William A.

Murphy, Jr. Anderson Cancer Center at the University of Texas to glacial action and the rough recovery of the corpse. That these breakages occurred after death is among the considerable evidence that casts doubt on the early disaster theory. So does the finding that an area of missing scalp was caused by pressure, not by a blow or decay. Holding aside the unanswered questions concerning tzis death and whether it was violent or not, konrad spindler biography of rory sound reasons suggest that he had not been in the best of health when he died.

Although most of his epidermis the outer layer of the skinhair and fingernails are gone, probably having decayed as a result of exposure to water during occasional thaws, his remains still offer something of a health record for modern investigators. Examination of the only one of his fingernails to have been found revealed three Beaus lines, which develop when the nails stop growing and then start again.

These lines show that he had been very ill three times in the last six months of his life and that the final episode, about two months before his death, was the most serious and lasted at least two weeks. Moreover, many simple, charcoal-dust tattoos are visible on the layer of skin under the missing epidermis. These marks were certainly not decorative and were probably therapeutic.

Several are on or close to Chinese acupuncture points and at places where he could have suffered from arthritis--the lower spine, right knee and ankle. This coincidence has led to claims of treatment by acupuncture. The little toe of his left foot reveals evidence of frostbite. Remains of two human fleas were found in his clothes. No lice were seen, but because his epidermis had been shed, any lice may have been lost.

What Was His Gear Like? The items are a testament to how intimately his people knew the rocks, fungi, plants and animals in their immediate surroundings. And we can see that they also knew how to obtain resources from farther afield, such as flint and copper ore. He had been warmly dressed in three layers of clothing--leggings, loincloth and jacket made of the hide of deer and goat, and a cape made of grass and bast, the long, tough fibers from the bark of the linden tree.

His hat was bearskin, and his shoes, which were insulated with grass, had bearskin soles and goatskin uppers. The following items were found:. Fragments of the iceman's clothes were also found, and they are well enough preserved to be able to see different types of stitching used for temporary repairs, presumably by the iceman himself.

They included:. Examination of the body allowed a possible reconstruction of the last hours of this man's life. The Neolithic people were farmers, growing varieties of wheat and barley. Two grains of barley and some wheat chaff were found in the iceman's clothing.