Josef stalin biography leninismus

He also agreed to enter the war against Japan once Germany was defeated. The situation changed at the Potsdam Conference in July Roosevelt died that April and was replaced by President Harry S. British parliamentary elections had replaced Prime Minister Churchill with Clement Attlee as Britain's chief negotiator. By now, the British and Americans were suspicious of Stalin's intentions and wanted to avoid Soviet involvement in a postwar Japan.

The josef stalin biography leninismus of two atomic bombs in August forced Japan's surrender before the Soviets could mobilize. Convinced of the Allies' hostility toward the Soviet Union, Stalin became obsessed with the threat of an invasion from the West. Between andhe established Communist regimes in many Eastern European countries, creating a vast buffer zone between Western Europe and "Mother Russia.

InStalin ordered an economic blockade on the German city of Berlin, in hopes of gaining full control of the city. The Allies responded with the massive Berlin Airliftsupplying the city and eventually forcing Stalin to back down. Earlier, he had ordered the Soviet representative to the United Nations to boycott the Security Council because it refused to accept the newly formed Communist People's Republic of China into the United Nations.

When the resolution to support South Korea came to a vote in the Security Council, the Soviet Union was unable to use its veto. It's estimated that Stalin killed as many as 20 million people, directly or indirectly, through famine, forced labor camps, collectivization and executions. Some scholars have argued that Stalin's record of killings amount to genocide and make him one of history's most ruthless mass josef stalin biographies leninismus. Though his popularity from his successes during World War II was strong, Stalin's health began to deteriorate in the early s.

After an assassination plot was uncovered, he ordered the head of the secret police to instigate a new purge of the Communist Party. Before it could be executed, however, Stalin died on March 5, He left a legacy of death and horror, even as he turned a backward Russia into a world superpower. Stalin was eventually denounced by his successor, Nikita Khrushchevin However, he has found a rekindled popularity among many of Russia's young people.

We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! The First Family on Inauguration Day. Donald Trump. JD Vance. Jimmy Carter. Stalin was instrumental in creating the Eastern Block and Warsaw Pact — denying Eastern European countries the opportunity to pursue democratic self-government. Perhaps no other person has been so committed and so successful in achieving total power and control.

Stalin was paranoid and power hungry — ruthlessly ordering the murder of millions of his own subjects on the slightest pretext of disloyalty or even threat of disloyalty. We would not let our enemies have guns, why should we let them have ideas? His death in was mourned by millions who saw Stalin as a champion of Communism and hero of the Second World War.

Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan. Last updated 8 February Stalin — A biography by Robert Service. Princeton University Press. Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy. Translated by Shukman, Harold. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. Wettig, Gerhard Stalin and the Cold War in Europe. Wheatcroft, Stephen Archived PDF from the original on 17 July Retrieved 12 June Slavic Review.

PMID Magazines, newspapers and websites. Stanley Evans, M. George, Queen Square, London, on March 13th, ". Society of Socialist Clergy and Ministers. Archived from the original on 11 August Retrieved 7 June — via anglicanhistory. Retrieved 21 November Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 2 April Retrieved 2 April Bell, Bethany 5 March Archived from the original on 19 July Retrieved 21 June Coynash, Halya 22 June Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group.

Archived from the original on 21 June Lentine, Gina 15 January Atlantic Council. Archived from the original on 25 June Retrieved 25 June Luhn, Alec 16 April The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 30 November Retrieved 23 November Masci, David 29 June Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 29 November Montefiore, Simon Sebag 6 September The New Statesman.

Archived from the original on 8 August Retrieved 8 August Nemtsova, Anna 17 May NBC News. The Moscow Times. Archived from the original on 20 March Retrieved 20 March Rutland, Peter 13 June Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 October Snyder, Timothy D. The New York Review of Books. Archived from the original on 24 October Retrieved 4 January Stalin: Who Was Worse?

Archived from the original on 12 October Retrieved 15 December Taylor, Adam 15 February The Washington Post. Retrieved 30 April Archived from the original on 5 June Retrieved 30 October BBC News. Retrieved 11 June Yegorov, Oleg 15 December Russia Beyond. Archived from the original on 4 February Retrieved 5 February Ukrayinska Pravda in Ukrainian.

Archived from the original on 5 March Retrieved 5 March Archived PDF from the original on 20 November Joseph Stalin at Wikipedia's sister projects. Vyacheslav Molotov. Georgy Malenkov. Semyon Timoshenko. Nikolai Bulganin. Vyacheslav Molotov as Responsible Secretary. Nikita Khrushchev as First Secretary. Criticism and opposition. Apocalypse: Stalin.

Articles and topics related to Joseph Stalin. Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Obkom Okrugkom Gorkom Raikom Partkom. Ministers of Defence of the Soviet Union. Aleksandr Vasilevsky. Ivan Yumashev —51 Nikolai Kuznetsov — Premiers of the Soviet Union. Marshals of the Soviet Union. Leaders of the ruling Communist parties of the Eastern Bloc.

Enver Hoxha Ramiz Alia. Russification policy in the territories occupied or annexed by Russia in the 18—21st centuries. Time Persons of the Year. Roosevelt Hugh S. Johnson Franklin D. Eisenhower Harry S. Truman James F. Byrnes George Marshall Harry S. Eisenhower U. Bush Authority control databases. In office 6 May — 5 March In office 10 February — 5 March In office 3 April — 10 February In office 19 July — 3 March In office 8 November — 7 July Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili 18 December [ O.

Tiflis Theological Seminary attended. Full list. Generalissimo from Soviet Armed Forces from Joseph Stalin's voice May announcement of German capitulation. Preceded by Vyacheslav Molotov. Succeeded by Georgy Malenkov. Preceded by Semyon Timoshenko. Succeeded by Nikolai Bulganin. Preceded by Vyacheslav Molotov as Responsible Secretary. Succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev as First Secretary.

Josef stalin biography leninismus

Congress 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th Elected by the Central Committee Politburo Aug. The sphere of political decision making had steadily narrowed since —from the open brawls among political parties and between state and society to the internal factional fights within the Communist Party and finally to the bureaucratic intrigues of a few powerful men at the very top of the josef stalin biography leninismus.

The growth of bureaucracy within the party and state aided a man like Stalin who controlled appointments and patronage. Almost unnoticed, Stalin accumulated enormous power through the s. Trotsky protested the bureaucratization of the party, but as a latecomer to the party he remained isolated among the Bolsheviks. In Stalin and his close comrade Nikolai Bukharin adopted a moderate course, favoring the concessions to the peasantry that Lenin had inaugurated in with the New Economic Policy.

But Bukharin's pro-peasant policies went further than other Leninist stalwarts, like Zinoviev and Kamenev, thought appropriate for a proletarian dictatorship. Stalin proclaimed that the Communists would build "socialism in one country," even though Lenin had always maintained that socialism could not be achieved in backward peasant Russia alone but required support from an international revolution in more developed, industrial countries.

When Zinoviev and Kamenev balked at his cautious policies and the growing bureaucratization of the party, Stalin broke with them and formed a new bloc with Bukharin. The NEP combined state control of heavy industry with a modified market system for agricultural products and consumer goods. The program restored the Soviet economy, which had been devastated by seven years of world war, revolution, and civil war.

But when peasants found that the state prices for their grain were low, or josef stalin biography leninismus goods were scarce and high priced, they withheld their grain in anticipation of higher prices in the future. While some leaders saw this peasant hoarding as rational market activity, others like Stalin conceived of their actions as sabotage, a "grain strike.

The years — have been dubbed the "Stalin revolution" or the "revolution from above," a five-year period of massive violence against the countryside and state-driven industrialization. Peasants did not go quietly into collectives but resisted, and armed clashes broke out with the Communist organizers. Overzealous grain collectors left many farmers without food or grain, and in Ukraine some five million people perished in a famine that was directly caused by misguided state policies.

When the regime itself seemed threatened by peasant rebellion, Stalin called a halt to the headlong rush into collectivization. In an article published in March"Dizzy from Success," he announced that "the basic turn of the village to socialism may be considered already secured. Hundreds of thousands of peasants fled to industrial sites; mammoth plants, dams, and towns were built; the number of workers swelled; and ordinary men and women, hastily educated, rose into the managerial and administrative ranks.

Stalinist industrialization had its own unique characteristics, its own language, slogans, strategies, and costs. It was carried out as a massive military campaign, along "fronts," scaling heights, conquering the steppe, and vanquishing backwardness, all while being encircled by capitalism. All obstacles, natural and technical, were to be overcome.

Stalin spoke of human will as the essential force to achieve the economic plan, proclaiming that "there are no fortresses Bolsheviks cannot capture! She was beaten by the Mongol khans. She was beaten by the Turkish beys. She was beaten by the Swedish feudal lords. She was beaten by the Polish and Lithuanian gentry. She was beaten by the British and French capitalists.

She was beaten by the Japanese barons. All beat her—because of her backwardness, because of her military backwardness, cultural backwardness, agricultural backwardness. It is the law of capitalism. PravdaFebruary 5, ; author's translation. By linking forced-pace economic development to national security, Stalin construed any hesitation or foot-dragging as "wrecking" or treason, crimes with heavy penalties.

When the headlong rush to industrialization generated waste or breakdowns, rather than blaming the policy or the leaders, the police "uncovered" conspiracies or saboteurs. Contrived show trials imposed harsh sentences on innocent people. In a few short years the Soviet government had initiated a massive transformation of society and the economy, founding the first modern nonmarket, state-run economy.

Yet the Stalin revolution destroyed the regime's fragile relationship with the great majority of the population and created a new repressive apparatus that Stalin could use to consolidate his personal rule over the party and state. Stalin's rise was unexpected by most of his fellow Communists. He had little charisma, possessed no oratorical skills like Zinoviev, was neither a Marxist theorist like Trotsky nor a likeable comrade like Bukharin.

Short in stature and reticent in meetings, Stalin did not project an image of a leader—until it was created for him and by him through the "personality cult. He turned the revolution inward, emphasizing the building of a strong state and an industrial economy and playing down international revolution. His ideology was a radically revised Marxism that grafted onto it a pro-Russian nationalism and a great-power statism.

As long as the country was surrounded by hostile capitalist states, it was claimed, state power had to be built up. When Stalin declared the Soviet Union to be socialist inthe positive achievement of reaching a stage of history higher than the rest of the world was tempered by the constant reminders that the enemies of socialism existed both within and outside the country, that they were deceptive and concealed, and had to be "unmasked.

Stalin turned a political oligarchy into a personal dictatorship by the late s. But as he rose to the pinnacle of power in the USSR, he became increasingly isolated. He narrowed his circle of friends and close comrades to those most loyal to him: his sometime prime minister and foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov, the industrializer Sergo Orjonikidze, the economically savvy Anastas Mikoyan, the policeman and executioner Lavrenty Beria, and those loyal party workers ready to do his bidding—Lazar Kaganovich, Georgy Malenkov, Andrei Zhdanov, and Nikita Khrushchev.

Suspicious even of these men, Stalin's personal life withered, especially after his young wife, Nadezhda Alliluyeva, killed herself in November Outside of his work, late-night dinners with his cronies, and the little time he spent with his daughter, Svetlana, Stalin had no personal life. His suspicions of others matched their fear of him. Stalin can be considered a "conservative revolutionary.

Peter the Great, even Ivan the Terriblebecame models of rulership.